In this article, we will discuss various Symptoms of the Novel Coronavirus infection.
In this article, we will discuss the Classification of Myocardial Infarction (MI).
In this article, we will discuss about Tension Pneumothorax
In this article, we will discuss about the Clinical features of Pneumothorax.
In this article we will discuss about the various signs and symptoms of Pleural effusion.
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Causes of Orthopnea
In this article we will discuss about the various causes of orthopnea.
Pain and weakness around shoulder joint
Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED) Blood Tests: Performance Limitations and Clinical Utility Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests aim to identify signals from multiple cancer types in a single sample. These tests primarily analyze cell-free DNA methylation patterns or other circulating biomarkers. Researchers and companies continue to evaluate their performance in large studies. However, questions remain […]
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Biomarkers in Oncology
Biomarkers in Oncology Biomarkers in oncology are measurable biological indicators that guide cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. They include molecules, genes, proteins, or cellular changes linked to tumour behaviour. Clinicians use diagnostic biomarkers to confirm the presence of cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) helps identify prostate cancer. CA-125 supports the detection of ovarian cancer. Prognostic biomarkers […]
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Key Hallmarks of Cancer
Key Hallmarks of Cancer The hallmarks of cancer represent acquired functional capabilities that enable neoplastic transformation and tumour progression. Hanahan and Weinberg originally defined six hallmarks in 2000 and later expanded the framework. Cancer cells sustain proliferative signalling. They activate oncogenic pathways or overexpress growth factor receptors such as EGFR and HER2. This drives continuous […]
Antimetabolites and Their Role in Oncology Antimetabolites are cancer drugs that block cell growth. They mimic natural building blocks of DNA and RNA. As a result, dividing cells cannot copy their genetic material and stop multiplying. These drugs act during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Cancer cells divide faster than most healthy cells. […]
The Mechanisms of Cellular Transformation Cellular transformation is the process that turns a normal cell into one that grows without the usual limits. In the lab, researchers use the term for cells that gain unlimited division, lose contact inhibition, and form tumors in animals. In the body, the same changes mark the early steps of […]
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Liver Cancer Epidemiology
Liver Cancer Epidemiology Liver cancer is less common than several other cancers, but it causes a large share of cancer deaths. In 2022, estimates put new cases near 870,000 and deaths near 760,000. It ranked about sixth in incidence and third in cancer mortality worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed late, so survival stays poor. Hepatocellular […]