In this article, we will discuss Lenalidomide (Mechanism of Action). So, let’s get started.
Lenalidomide (REVLIMID®), a thalidomide analogue, is an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-amino-l-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione.
The empirical formula for lenalidomide is C13H13N3O3, and the gram molecular weight is 259.3
Lenalidomide is an off-white to pale-yellow solid powder It is soluble in organic solvent/water mixtures, and buffered aqueous solvents. Lenalidomide is more soluble in organic solvents and low pH solutions. Solubility was significantly lower in less acidic buffers, ranging from about 04 to 0.5 mg/ml. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.
Lenalidomide (REVLIMID®) is available in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 25 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients lactose anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellos sodium, and magnesium stearate. The 5 mg and 25 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide and black ink. The 2.5 mg and 10 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, FD&C blue #2 yellow iron oxide, titanium dioxide and black ink. The 15 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, FD&C blue #2, titanium dioxide and black ink.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of lenalidomide remains to be fully characterized. Lenalidomide possesses immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antineoplastic properties. Experiments have demonstrated that lenalidomide inhibits the growth of cells derived from patients with multiple myeloma and del (5q) myelodysplastic syndromes in vitro. Lenalidomide causes a delay in tumor growth in some in vivo nonclinical
hematopoietic tumor models, including multiple myeloma.
Lenalidomide inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lenalidomide also inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but not COX-1 in vitro.