Pleural mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer that develops in the pleura, a thin membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity. The most common cause of pleural mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral fiber previously used in various industries.
Here’s a breakdown of the pathophysiology of pleural mesothelioma:
Asbestos Exposure:
- Asbestos fibers are inhaled and lodge in the pleura.
- The fibers can cause chronic inflammation and irritation.
- Over time, this inflammation can lead to genetic damage and cell mutations.
Cell Transformation:
- Mesothelial cells, the normal cells lining the pleura, are transformed into malignant cells.
- These cells lose their normal growth control and start to divide uncontrollably.
Tumor Growth:
- The malignant cells form a tumor that invades the surrounding tissues.
- The tumor can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Clinical Manifestations:
- Pleural effusion: Fluid buildup in the pleural space, causing shortness of breath.
- Chest pain: Sharp or dull pain in the chest wall.
- Cough: Dry or productive cough.
- Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired and weak.