In this article, we will discuss Miscellaneous Antimicrobials-Dosage (Part-II). So, let’s get started.
Linezolid 20 mg/kg/day q 12 hr IV or oral.
Adult dose: 600 mg IV or oral q 12 hr.
Caution: Give IV injection over 30-120 minutes, protect from light.
Side Effects: Lactic acidosis, seizures, hepatic and renal dysfunction, long-term use is associated with bone marrow suppression.
Indication: Treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
(Linox, linospan, lizolid, linid, lizbid tab 600 mg, lizoforce, linospan, LNZ, lizomac suspension 100 mg/5 ml, inj linox 200 mg in 100 ml vial; inj alzolid, linosept, linozid, lizoforce, lizolid 200 mg, 600 mg in 100 or 300 ml vials).
Minocycline Initial dose 4 mg/kg followed by 4 mg/kg/day q 12 hr. Avoid in children below 8 years of age.
Adult dose: 100 mg once or twice daily.
Side Effects: Vertigo, lupus-like syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis.
C/I: Renal failure.
(Cynomycin, carlocin, divaine, minima, minolox, minotag, minoz tabs and caps 50 mg, 100 mg).
Nitrofurantoin 5-7 mg/kg/day q 6 hr oral with meals.
Prophylactic dose for UTI 1-2 mg/kg/day as single dose at bedtime.
Adult dose: 50-100 mg q 6 hr.
C/I: Impaired renal function; G-6-PD deficiency, age <1 month.
Side Effects: Fever, skin rash, hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
(Furadantin, martifur, niftas, niftran, urifast, utifur, nifty-SR, tabs 50 mg and 100 mg; susp 25 mg per 5 ml).
Rifaximin Children above 12 years, 200 mg t.d.s. for 3 to 7 days useful for traveler’s diarrhea and hepatic encephalopathy.
Adult dose: 550 mg b.d. or 400 mg b.d. or t.d.s.
(Rifagut, rixmin, sibofix, torifx, zimigut tabs 200 mg, 400 mg and 550 mg).
Teicoplanin It is a novel glycopeptide. 10 mg/kg q 12 hr for 3 doses and then 10 mg/kg/day q 24 hr IM or IV (bolus or slow infusion). It is bactericidal to most Gram-positive cocci and bacilli. As compared to vancomycin, teicoplanin has longer halt life, can be given in a single dose, can be used IM and catheter-related phlebitis is uncommon. It can cross blood-brain barrier.
Adult dose: 6 mg/kg on day 1 followed by 3 mg/kg or adult dose of 400 mg q 12 hr for 3 doses and then 400 mg daily; 400 mg single dose followed by 200 mg daily in moderate infections.
Caution: Decrease the dose from 4th day onwards in patients with renal failure.
(Inj targocid, tecoplan, ticocin, and zincoplanin 200 mg, 400 mg vials).