In this article, we will discuss various Causes of Hypercalcemia. So, let’s get started.
Causes
Hypercalcemia results either from an increased entry of calcium into the extra-cellular fluid (from bone resorption or intestinal absorption) or a decreased renal calcium clearance. Following are the causes of hypercalcemia:
- Increased intake or absorption
- Milk alkali syndrome
- Total parenteral nutrition
- Excess amount of vitamin A or D.
- Endocrinal disorders
- Primary hyperparathyroidism (adenoma)
- Secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Pheochromocytomas
- Neoplastic diseases
- Tumor metastases (excessive production of PTH)
- Solid tumor with secretion of PTH like protein
- Hematological malignancies, i.e. multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma (elaboration of osteoclast activating factor)
- Miscellaneous
- Thiazide diuretics, lithium intake
- Paget disease of bone
- Hypophosphatasia
- Immobilzation
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- Complication of kidney transplant
- Aluminium intoxication