Oncolytic viruses are engineered or naturally occurring viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells. These viruses can replicate within cancer cells, causing cell lysis and tumor destruction.
Oncolytic viruses work by targeting cancer cells through various mechanisms. Some viruses are engineered to target specific cancer cell receptors. Others naturally infect cancer cells due to their genetic makeup.
These viruses offer several benefits in cancer treatment. They can selectively target cancer cells, reducing harm to healthy tissues. Oncolytic viruses also stimulate an immune response against cancer cells.
Researchers are exploring various types of oncolytic viruses. Some examples include adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, and measles viruses. Clinical trials are evaluating their safety and efficacy in treating different cancers.
Oncolytic viruses can be used alone or combined with other therapies. They may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Ongoing research aims to optimize their therapeutic potential.