Pathology of Meniscus Tear

The meniscus is a cartilage structure in the knee joint. It cushions the joint and facilitates smooth movement. A meniscus tear is a common knee injury.

Meniscus tears occur due to sudden twists or bends. Sports injuries, degenerative changes, and wear and tear contribute to tears. Age-related degeneration increases the risk.

There are two main types: traumatic and degenerative. Traumatic tears result from sudden injuries. Degenerative tears occur due to wear and tear over time.

Pain and stiffness in the knee are common symptoms. Swelling, limited mobility, and a catching sensation may occur. Patients may experience pain during activities like squatting or twisting.

Meniscus tears disrupt the cartilage’s collagen fibers. The tear can propagate, causing further damage. Inflammation and degeneration of surrounding tissue may occur.

Meniscus tears are classified based on location and pattern. Types include longitudinal, horizontal, radial, and bucket-handle tears. Each type has distinct characteristics.

Untreated meniscus tears can lead to further degeneration. Osteoarthritis and chronic pain may develop. Meniscus tears can also cause knee instability.

Diagnosis involves physical examination and imaging. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing meniscus tears. Arthroscopy may be used for definitive diagnosis.

Treatment options include conservative management and surgery. Conservative management involves physical therapy and pain management. Surgical options include meniscectomy or meniscus repair.