Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold, and animal dander.
Here’s a breakdown:
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What happens: When you breathe in allergens, your immune system mistakenly identifies them as harmful invaders. Your body then releases chemicals like histamine, leading to inflammation in the lining of your nose and eyes.
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Symptoms:
- Nasal: Runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy nose
- Eye: Itchy, watery, red eyes
- Other: Cough, postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the back of your throat), fatigue, headache
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Triggers:
- Seasonal: Tree pollen (spring), grass pollen (late spring/summer), weed pollen (late summer/fall)
- Perennial: Dust mites, mold, pet dander, cockroach allergens
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Treatment:
- Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers
- Allergy shots (immunotherapy): Can help reduce your body’s sensitivity to allergens over time.
- Lifestyle changes: Avoiding triggers, using air purifiers, washing bedding frequently