A meniscus tear is an injury to one of the two C-shaped pieces of tough, rubbery cartilage that act as shock absorbers between your shinbone (tibia) and thighbone (femur) in your knee.
Here’s a breakdown:
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What it is: The meniscus is crucial for cushioning and stability within the knee joint. A tear can occur when the knee is forcefully twisted or rotated, often during sports activities or even from everyday movements.
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Causes:
- Sudden twisting: This is a common cause, especially during sports like basketball, football, or skiing.
- Degenerative changes: Over time, the meniscus can wear down due to age or repetitive stress, making it more susceptible to tears.
- Trauma: Direct blows to the knee can also cause meniscus tears.
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Symptoms:
- Pain: Often felt along the sides or inside of the knee.
- Swelling: May occur within a few hours of the injury.
- Stiffness: Difficulty bending or straightening the knee.
- Locking or catching: A sensation of the knee “locking” or “catching” during movement.
- Instability: Feeling of the knee giving way.
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Diagnosis:
- Physical examination: Your doctor will assess your knee’s range of motion, stability, and tenderness.
- Imaging tests: X-rays may rule out other conditions, while MRI scans provide detailed images of the meniscus to confirm the tear and its location.
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Treatment:
- Non-surgical: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) are often recommended initially. Physical therapy can help improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility.
- Surgical: In some cases, surgery (arthroscopy) may be necessary to repair or remove the torn portion of the meniscus.