In this article, we will discuss various Causes of Cardiogenic Shock. So, let’s get started.
Causes
1. Following myocardial infarction
(a) Involvement of critical muscle mass (>40%) and/or refractory arrhythmias (80%)
(b) Mechanical complications of AMI (acute myocardial infarction)
- Acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of papillary muscle or chordae tendineae of 6-7%
- Acquired Acquired ventricular septal defect (3-4%)
- Left ventricular free wall rupture/tamponade
- Ventricular aneurysm
2. Severe valvular lesions
- Severe aortic (stenosis/regurgitation) or mitral (stenosis/regurgitation) valve disease
- Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
- Obstructive cardiomyopathy
3. Extracardiac obstructive causes
- Pericardial effusion with tamponade (1-1.5%)
- Massive pulmonary embolism
- Severe pulmonary hypertension (primary or Eisenmenger)
- Severe restrictive cardiomyopathy
4. Inflammatory/infectious myocardial disease
- Severe myocarditis
- Acute endocarditis with myopathic or valvular involvement
5. Severe myocardial depression
- Septic shock
- Acidosis or alkalosis
- Hypoxia
- Drugs, e.g. beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, anaesthetics and anti-arrhythmics
- Post-cardiac arrest, post-cardiotomy
6. End stage of myocardial disease
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
7. Traumatic, e.g. pericardial, myocardial or valvular injuries.